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Vegetarians 'cut heart risk by 32%'

Ditching meat and fish in favor of a vegetarian diet can have a dramatic effect on the health of your heart, research suggests.
 
A study of 44,500 people in England and Scotland showed vegetarians were 32% less likely to die or need hospital treatment as a result of heart disease.
 
Differences in cholesterol levels, blood pressure and body weight are thought to be behind the health boost.
 
The findings were published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
 
Heart disease is a major blight in Western countries. It kills 94,000 people in the UK each year - more than any other disease, and 2.6 million people live with the condition.
 
The heart's own blood supply becomes blocked up by fatty deposits in the arteries that nourish the heart muscle. It can cause angina or even lead to a heart attack if the blood vessels become completely blocked.
 
Scientists at the University of Oxford analysed data from 15,100 vegetarians and 29,400 people who ate meat and fish.
 
Over the course of 11 years, 169 people in the study died from heart disease and 1,066 needed hospital treatment - and they were more likely to have been meat and fish eaters than vegetarians.
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    Choosing the veggie option on the menu is not a shortcut to a healthy heart”
Tracy Parker British Heart Foundation
 
Dr Francesca Crowe said: "The main message is that diet is an important determinant of heart health, I'm not advocating that everyone eats a vegetarian diet.
 
"The diets are quite different. Vegetarians probably have a lower intake of saturated fat so it makes senses there is a lower risk of heart disease."
 
The results showed the vegetarians had lower blood pressure, lower levels of "bad" cholesterol and were more likely to have a healthy weight.
 
Tracy Parker, from the British Heart Foundation, said: "This research reminds us that we should try to eat a balanced and varied diet - whether this includes meat or not.
 
"But remember, choosing the veggie option on the menu is not a shortcut to a healthy heart. After all, there are still plenty of foods suitable for vegetarians that are high in saturated fat and salt.
 
"If you're thinking of switching to a vegetarian diet, make sure you plan your meals carefully so that you replace any lost vitamins and minerals, such as iron, that you would normally get from meat."

Eat earlier, lose weight

Many diets warn against late night heavy meals and snacks as people are more likely to opt for unhealthy dishes.
 

But it is also thought that the body's metabolism is slower then, leading to the weight being stored instead of being burned off.
 

Now scientists have found there is some truth in this.
 

A study of Spanish dieters on a 20 week programme found those who ate their main meal, which is lunch in Spain, before 3pm lost more weight than those who ate it later.
 

This was despite overall calorie intake being similar in both groups.
 

Researchers found late lunchers lost an average of 7.7kg, compared with 9.9kgs for early lunchers, the equivalent of nine per cent and 11.3 per cent of their body weight respectively, over the 20 weeks.
 

The study was conducted by researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) in Boston, America, in collaboration with the University of Murcia and Tufts University.
 

The findings were published in International Journal of Obesity.
 

Author of the study Dr Frank Scheer, also director of the Medical Chronobiology Program of BWH, said "Our results indicate that late eaters displayed a slower weight-loss rate and lost significantly less weight than early eaters, suggesting that the timing of large meals could be an important factor in a weight loss programme."
 

The study involved 420 overweight dieters who were divided into two groups, early or late eaters.
Researchers found that timing of the other, smaller meals did not play a role in the success of weight loss.
However, the late eaters -- who lost less weight -- also consumed fewer calories during breakfast and were more likely to skip breakfast altogether.
 

Late-eaters also had a lower estimated insulin sensitivity, which can lead to diabetes.